What diagnostic test is indicated if there is a suspicion of Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) or Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN)?

In cases where there is suspicion of Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) or Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN), the most appropriate diagnostic test is a cardiac echocardiogram. This non-invasive imaging technique uses ultrasound waves to create detailed images of the heart's structure and function. It can evaluate heart anatomy, assess blood flow through the heart and major vessels, and identify any structural defects or functional abnormalities that may be present.

The cardiac echocardiogram is particularly useful in diagnosing various forms of CHD, as it allows healthcare providers to visualize the heart's chambers, valves, and the great vessels. Additionally, in cases of PPHN, echocardiography can help assess right ventricular function and pressures, which are critical for managing this condition.

Other tests may offer valuable information but are not definitive in evaluating the heart's structural issues. An electrocardiogram (EKG) provides information about the heart's electrical activity but does not give a comprehensive view of structural heart problems. A chest X-ray can indicate cardiac size and pulmonary blood flow but lacks the specificity needed to identify congenital defects. A complete blood count (CBC) may reveal signs of infection or hematological issues but is unrelated to assessing cardiac anatomy